What is autolysis?

• A. Decomposition of tissue by enzymatic action begins when blood supply is interrupted
• B. Bacterial decomposition of tissue
• C. Dehydration of tissue
• D. Mechanical disruption during processing

Answer: (A)

Autolysis is tissue breakdown caused by the tissue’s own enzymes after blood flow to the tissue has stopped. When circulation is interrupted, cells release lysosomal enzymes that digest their own proteins and nucleic acids, leading to self-digestion and loss of cellular detail. This process can occur even without any microbes and is accelerated if fixation is delayed. It helps explain why delay in fixing specimens can produce artifacts that mimic disease.

This is different from bacterial decomposition (putrefaction), which requires microbial activity; it’s also not dehydration from processing or mechanical damage during handling. To minimize autolysis, prompt and proper fixation is essential.